TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevalence of Associated Extraoral Symptoms and Comorbidities in Burning Mouth Syndrome Patients
T2 - A Systematic Review
AU - de Paiva, João Paulo Gonçalves
AU - Pedroso, Caique Mariano
AU - Muñoz, Rosa María López-Pintor
AU - Chmieliauskaite, Milda
AU - Villa, Alessandro
AU - Jorge, Jacks
AU - Santos-Silva, Alan Roger
N1 - © 2025 The Author(s). Oral Diseases published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
PY - 2025/11/15
Y1 - 2025/11/15
N2 - OBJECTIVE: Patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) suffer from oral pain in the absence of oral lesions. Although less frequently, they may also experience extraoral symptoms that are not readily apparent to clinicians. This study aimed to systematically assess the prevalence of associated extraoral symptoms and comorbid disorders in BMS patients.METHODS: Comprehensive searches were performed in five electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and LILACS). Observational studies that reported extraoral symptoms in primary BMS patients were included. The collected data were analyzed descriptively. The quality assessment of the included studies was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute tools.RESULTS: We included 22 studies encompassing 2786 BMS patients. Most patients were female (n = 2138; 76.7%). BMS-associated extraoral symptoms and comorbidities disorders included sleep disturbances (71.8%), anxiety (65.7%), depression (60.6%), alexithymia (6.1%), tinnitus (5.9%), low back pain (45.3%), and headache (4.4%). Fifteen studies were classified as low risk, six as moderate risk, and one as high risk of bias.CONCLUSIONS: BMS patients experience associated extraoral symptoms and comorbid disorders in addition to intraoral pain. These symptoms must be taken into account by clinicians and receive appropriate clinical treatment, as they can significantly affect patients' quality of life.
AB - OBJECTIVE: Patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) suffer from oral pain in the absence of oral lesions. Although less frequently, they may also experience extraoral symptoms that are not readily apparent to clinicians. This study aimed to systematically assess the prevalence of associated extraoral symptoms and comorbid disorders in BMS patients.METHODS: Comprehensive searches were performed in five electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and LILACS). Observational studies that reported extraoral symptoms in primary BMS patients were included. The collected data were analyzed descriptively. The quality assessment of the included studies was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute tools.RESULTS: We included 22 studies encompassing 2786 BMS patients. Most patients were female (n = 2138; 76.7%). BMS-associated extraoral symptoms and comorbidities disorders included sleep disturbances (71.8%), anxiety (65.7%), depression (60.6%), alexithymia (6.1%), tinnitus (5.9%), low back pain (45.3%), and headache (4.4%). Fifteen studies were classified as low risk, six as moderate risk, and one as high risk of bias.CONCLUSIONS: BMS patients experience associated extraoral symptoms and comorbid disorders in addition to intraoral pain. These symptoms must be taken into account by clinicians and receive appropriate clinical treatment, as they can significantly affect patients' quality of life.
U2 - 10.1111/odi.70144
DO - 10.1111/odi.70144
M3 - Review article
C2 - 41240323
SN - 1354-523X
JO - Oral Diseases
JF - Oral Diseases
ER -